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حلايب قبل وبعد مجلسِ الأمن : لماذا لم تكتملْ الصورة؟
02-03-2014 10:27 AM
د. سلمان محمد أحمد سلمان
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نشر الزميل الدكتور فيصل عبد الرحمن علي طه مقالاً بعنوان "حلايب وصورة لم تكتمل" في موقع سودانايل يوم الاثنين 27 يناير عام 2014. وقد تناول الدكتور فيصل في ذلك المقال بعض جوانب الحوار الذي دار بيني وبين الأستاذ الطاهر حسن التوم في برنامج "حتى تكتمل الصورة" عن "أبعاد الصراع المصري - الأثيوبي على قضيتي الفشقة وحلايب" في 20 يناير عام 2014. كما أشار الدكتور فيصل إلى مقالي المنشور في موقع سودانايل بعنوان "حلايب: ماذا دَارَ في اجتماعِ المحجوب وعبد الناصر يوم 19 فبراير 1958؟" وأوضح انه يختلف معي في: (1) أن السودان حقّق في الفترة 29 يناير إلى 21 فبراير انتصاراً في الجانب القانوني في مسألة حلايب، (2) أن عمر لطفي مندوب مصر في الأمم المتحدة أعلن في مجلس الأمن في 21 فبراير 1958 أن مصر قررت الانسحاب من حلايب وأنها ستسمح للسودان بإجراء انتخاباته، وأنها لن تجري استفتاءها، وستسحب كتيبتها من حلايب، (3) أن الخطأ الكبير الذي ارتكبته حكومة عبدالله خليل أنها لم تترجم هذا الانتصار في اتفاقية أو حتى مذكرة تفاهم، (4) وأنني لو كنتُ المستشار القانوني لحكومة السودان في ذلك الوقت لطلبتُ من السودان أن يجلس مع القاهرة ويدخل في اتفاقٍ يرسم الحدود بين مصر والسودان ويوضح أراضي حلايب.
أود أن أشير في البداية إلى أنني تردّدتُ كثيراً في كتابة هذا الردِّ ونشره. فقد كنتُ وما أزالُ اعتقد أن الصحف الورقية أو الالكترونية ليست المكان المناسب لطرح ومناقشة الخلافات السودانية في موضوعٍ بهذا القدر من الحساسية والأهمية. وقد شاركني في هذ الرأي عددٌ من الأصدقاء. ولكنني رأيتُ في نهاية الأمر أن أنشر تعقيباً مُوجزاً أتناول فيه الردَّ على بعض الجوانب التي أثارها الدكتور فيصل، والتي كنتُ قد تعرّضتُ لها في اللقاء التلفزيوني وفي مقالاتي عن حلايب، خصوصاً في المقال الأخير عن اجتماع السيد محمد أحمد محجوب مع الرئيس جمال عبد الناصر .
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استميحُ القارئَ عذراً في أن أعرض بإيجاز النقاط الأساسية التي تعرّضتُ لها في مقالاتي السابقة. فقد أوضحتُ في تلك المقالات:
أولاً: شملتْ الانتخابات البرلمانية السودانية الأولى التي تمّتْ في شهر نوفمبر عام 1953 منطقة حلايب والتي فاز في دائرتها (الدائرة 70 - الأمرأر والبشاريين) السيد محمد كرار كجر. كما شملتْ الانتخابات القرى الوقعة شمال مدينة حلفا وخط 22 شمال (سره وفرس ودبيره) وفاز في دائرتها السيد محمد نور الدين (الدائرة 29 وادي حلفا). لم تحتجْ مصرُ على إجراء الانتخابات في هاتين المنطقتين أو تدّعي أنهما أراضي مصرية رغم أن مصر كانت (على الأقل من الناحية النظرية) إحدى دولتي الاستعمار الثنائي في السودان، وكان يمثِّلها في مجلس الحاكم العام في الخرطوم السيد حسين ذو الفقار.
ثانياً: كانت مصر وبريطانيا أول دولتين تعترفان بالسودان عندما أعلن استقلاله في الفاتح من يناير عام 1956. لم يتضمّن خطاب الاعتراف المصري بالسودان المستقل أي إشارةٍ إلى حلايب، بل أشار الى إلزامية الاتفاقيات التي عقدتها إدارة الحكم الثنائي باسم السودان. وتشير وثائق عديدة اطلعنا عليها أن همَّ مصر ومصدر قلقها كان اتفاقية مياه النيل لعام 1929 وليس حلايب. وقد فطنتْ الحكومة السودانية لذلك وطلبتْ من مصر توضيح الاتفاقيات التي أشارت إليها في مذكرة اعترافها. وقد برزت مسألة اتفاقية مياه النيل لعام 1929 بوضوحٍ لاحقاً في الجولة الخامسة من مفاوضات مياه النيل والتي عُقِدت في شهر ديسمبر عام 1957، عندما ظهر خلافٌ حادٌ على الاتفاقية، كما ناقشنا في مقالاتنا السابقة بعنوان "خفايا وخبايا مفاوضات مياه النيل."
ثالثاً: أعاد السودان في يوم استقلاله منطقة قمبيلا إلى إثيوبيا وعيّن المأمور السوداني السابق للمنطقة السيد حامد بشرى قنصلاً للسودان في قمبيلا. لم تُثِر مصر مسألة إعادة حلايب لها رغم علم مصر الكامل بما جرى في قمبيلا. ولا بد من مقارنة الصمت المصري عن حلايب بإثارة إثيوبيا مسالة منطقة قمبيلا.
رابعاً: واصل السودان أعمال السيادة على حلايب بعد الاستقلال وعيّن الإداريين ورجال الشرطة وأرسل جنوده إلى المنطقة دون صدور أي احتجاجٍ مصريٍ على ذلك.
خامساً: أجرتْ مصرُ استفتاءاً في 23 يوليو عام 1956 تمّ بمقتضاه اختيار السيد جمال عبد الناصر رئيساً للجمهورية. لم تشمل إجراءات الاستفتاء منطقة حلايب أو القرى شمال وادي حلفا.
كان ذلك هو الوضع في منطقة حلايب حتى 29 يناير عام 1958.
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كما ذكرنا في المقالات السابقة فقد تغيّر ذلك الوضع في نهاية شهر يناير عام 1958.
بدأت في شهر يناير عام 1958 الاستعدادات في السودان للانتخابات البرلمانية الثانية.
قرّرتْ مصر فجأةً ولأوّلِ مرّة إثارة مسألة مثلث حلايب في 29 يناير عام 1958. في ذلك اليوم أرسلت الحكومة المصرية مذكرةً تحتجّ فيها على نيّة السودان عقد انتخابات في منطقة حلايب باعتبار أنها تتبع لمصر بموجب اتفاقية الحكم الثنائي لعام 1899. وقامت مصر بإرسال فرقةٍ عسكريةٍ إلى منطقة حلايب بعد إرسال تلك المذكرة. وأعقبتْ مصرُ تلك المذكرة بمذكرةٍ أخرى في 9 فبراير عام 1958 تُعلن فيها نيّتها إجراء استفتاء في تلك المنطقة أيضاً. أعلن السودان رسمياً في 13 فبراير عام 1958 رفضه التام للمذكرة المصرية وللاستفتاء الذي قرّرت مصر إجراءه في حلايب. وأوضح السودان أن المنطقة أراضي سودانية بمقتضى تعديلات اتفاقية الحكم الثنائي
والتفاهمات التي تلتها، وبحكم الإجراءات العملية والإدارية التي قام بها السودان في المنطقة خلال فترة الحكم الثنائي وسنوات الحكم المدني الأول (أي بين الأعوام 1902 وحتى عام 1958). في 18 فبراير عام 1958 وصل وزير الخارجية السوداني السيد محمد أحمد محجوب القاهرة، والتقى بالرئيس جمال عبد الناصر منتصف نهار يوم 19 فبراير عام 1958. عرض الرئيس عبد الناصر على السيد المحجوب مقترح ألّا تُجرى انتخاباتٌ سودانيةٌ أو استفتاءٌ مصريٌ في حلايب، وأن تناقش الدولتان مسألة حلايب بعد الانتخابات السودانية والاستفتاء المصري. غير أن المحجوب رفض ذلك الحلَّ وأوضح للرئيس عبد الناصر تبعيّة حلايب للسودان، لكنه اقترح إرجاء بحث مسألة حلايب إلى ما بعد الانتخابات السودانية . تواصل اجتماع المحجوب مع الرئيس جمال عبد الناصر حتى نهاية ذلك اليوم، ولكنّ الطرفين فشلا في حلّ النزاع من خلال التفاوض.
هل فشل اجتماع القاهرة؟ نعم، وهذا ما ذكرناه في مقالنا السابق. فقد قام السيد المحجوب بالاتصال هاتفياً بمندوب السودان للأمم المتحدة في نيو يورك، السيد يعقوب عثمان، ووجّهه بتقديم شكوى السودان لمجلس الأمن ضد مصر والتي كان قد تمّ إعدادها قبل وصول السيد المحجوب القاهرة . كما أن البيان الرسمي المصري أشار بوضوحٍ إلى فشل مفاوضات القاهرة في 19 فبراير عام 1958.
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في 20 فبراير عام 1958 رفع السودان شكوى رسمية لمجلس الأمن الدولي في نيو يورك. تشير الوثائق التي اطلعنا عليها إلى أن مشاوراتٍ مكثّفة بدأت من وراء الكواليس بين أعضاء المجلس فور رفع الشكوى، وأنه كان هناك تعاطفٌ كبيرٌ مع السودان. كما تشير تلك الوثائق إلى أن اتفاقاً برز بين معظم أعضاء المجلس مفاده العودة إلى الوضع الذي كان سائداً في حلايب قبل 29 يناير 1958 ومناقشة الطرفين السوداني والمصري للخلاف بعد الانتخابات السودانية. ولكن ثار السؤال إن كانت مصر ستوافق على ذلك المقترح بعد أن رفضته في القاهرة.
ويبدو أن الحكومة المصرية قد أخذتْ علماً بما كان يدور بين أعضاء مجلس الأمن فأصدرت بياناً في 21 فبراير عام 1958 أشارت فيه إلى أنها قرّرت تاجيل تسوية مشاكل الحدود إلى ما بعد الانتخابات السودانية.
اجتمع مجلس الآمن الدولي في عصر يوم 21 فبراير عام 1958، أي بعد صدور بيان الحكومة المصرية (لا بُدَّ من ملاحظة فارق الزمن بين القاهرة ونيويورك والبالغ ثماني ساعات). وقد سهّلَ بيان الحكومة المصرية مهمّة مجلس الأمن تماماً، فلم يعد المجلس محتاجاً لإصدار قرارٍ لأنّ ما كان سيصدره المجلس قد تضمّنه البيان المصري الذي كان سيكرّره ويؤكّده للمجلس مندوب مصر.
تلى السيد عمر لطفي مندوب مصر للمجلس بيانه والذي تضمّن نفس العبارة الرئيسية التي تضمنها البيان المصري، وأشار إلى قرار الحكومة المصرية تأجيل تسوية مسألة الحدود إلى ما بعد الانتخابات السودانية، على أن تبدأ المفاوضات بتسوية كافة المسائل التي لم يتخذ بشأنها قرار بعد اختيار الحكومة السودانية الجديدة.
واضحٌ أن الخلاف الرئيسي بيني وبين الدكتور فيصل يتركّز في: ماذا تعني هذه العبارة؟
الصلاة فيها السِرُّ وفيها الجهر. والعبارات الدبلوماسية هي اللغة التي تقول بها الدولة سراً ما لا تريد أن تقوله جهراً. والبيانات والتفاهمات والاتفاقيات تُفسّر بما جرى قبلها وبعدها.
فماذا إذن تعني عبارة تأجيل تسوية الحدود إلى ما بعد الانتخابات السودانية؟
أولاً: تحدّث البيان المصري وبيان السيد عمر لطفي عن الانتخابات السودانية. ما هو تعريف الانتخابات السودانية؟ لقد عرّف السودان انتخاباته بأنها تشمل كل السودان بما فيه حلايب. وقد كرّر بيان السيد عمر لطفي مصطلح "الانتخابات السودانية" دون أن يستثني حلايب أو مناطق شمال حلفا. ألا يعني ذلك قبولاً بالتعريف السوداني؟ ألم تبدأ المشكلة بسبب نيّة السودان عقد انتخاباته في كل أجزاء بلاده؟ ليس هناك في رأيي مجال لتفسير مصطلح السيد عمر لطفي "الانتخابات السودانية" غير اشتمال هذه الانتخابات على منطقة حلايب وشمال حلفا، كما عرّف السودانُ المصطلحَ.
ثانيا: لم يُشِرْ القرار أو البيان إلى الاستفتاء المصري رغم إشارته الصريحة إلى الانتخابات السودانية. ماذا يعني ذلك غير موافقة مصر على عدم إجراء استفتائها في حلايب؟
ثالثاً: إن الحديث عن "تأجيل التسوية" لا يمكن أن يُفسّر إلا بمعنى العودة بالأوضاع إلى ما كانت عليه قبل بروز النزاع، ويشمل ذلك سحب الجيش المصري من حلايب. وقد كان ذلك هو الموقف الذي تفاهمت عليه معظم دول مجلس الأمن قبل انعقاد الجلسة.
رابعاً: ما حدث في حلايب بعد اجتماع مجلس الأمن أكّدَ ذلك التفسير لعبارة السيد عمر لطفي وتفاهمات مجلس الأمن. لم يتم الاستفتاء المصري في حلايب، وتمّت الانتخابات السودانية. انسحبت الكتيبة المصرية في 25 فبراير من حلايب، وبقيت الكتيبة السودانية هناك.
وهكذا وضح بالعمل أيضاً أن عبارة تأجيل تسوية النزاع كانت تعني العودة بحلايب إلى ما كانت عليه قبل بدء النزاع، والتفاوض بين الجانبين بعد ذلك. كما وضح أيضاً أن الانتخابات السودانية معناها الانتخابات في كل أنحاء السودان بما في ذلك منطقة حلايب.
لم يكن السيد عمر لطفي يحتاج إلى أن يكون أكثر وضوحاً لينقل موافقة دولته على النقاط الثلاثة الرئيسية (إجراء الانتخابات السودانية، عدم إجراء الاستفتاء المصري، وانسحاب الجنود المصريين من حلايب). فالدول، مثل الأفراد، تحتاج لأن تحفظ ماء وجهها، ومعظم أعضاء مجلس الأمن كانوا قد وصلوا إلى تفاهماتٍ
عما تعني تلك العبارات الدبلوماسية. وكما ذكرنا أعلاه فالبيانات والتفاهمات والاتفاقيات تُفسّر بما جرى قبلها وبعدها.
عليه فبعد أن تطابق القرار المصري مع تفاهمات أغلبية أعضاء مجلس الأمن، فقد قرّر مجلس الأمن حفظ شكوى السودان والاجتماع لاحقاً بناءاً على طلب أيٍ من الطرفين وموافقة أعضاء المجلس.
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هل كان ذلك انتصاراً للسودان؟
نحتاج في الأجابة على هذا السؤال أن نرجع إلى الوراء وننظر إلى ما عرضته مصر للسودان في اجتماع السيد محمد أحمد محجوب وزير الخارجية مع الرئيس جمال عبد الناصر في 19 فبراير عام 1958، ونقارنه بما حدث في مجلس الأمن في 21 فبراير عام 1958.
لقد رفضت الحكومة المصرية في القاهرة في 19 فبراير مقترح السودان تأجيل بحث النزاع إلى ما بعد الانتخابات. لكنها عادتْ وعرضتْ نفس المقترح في نيويورك في 21 فبراير عام 1958، أي بعد يومين فقط من اجتماع القاهرة. وعاد الوضع على الأرض في حلايب إثر ذلك إلى ما كان عليه قبل 29 يناير عام 1958. أليس ذلك انتصاراً للسودان؟
وإذا لم يكن ذلك انتصاراً فإنه سيعني أن حكومة السيد عبد الله خليل قد فرّطت في حلايب، وهي الفرضيّة التي رفضها بشدّة الدكتور فيصل، وذكر أنها السبب االرئيسي لكتابة مقاله.
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جرت الانتخابات السودانية في نهاية شهر فبراير وبداية شهر مارس عام 1958 في كل أنحاء البلاد بما فيها حلايب وقرى شمال حلفا. وفاز في دائرة حلايب (والتي أصبح اسمها البشاريين 97) السيد حامد كرار من حزب الشعب الديمقراطي. واحتفظ السيد محمد نور الدين بمقعده عن دائرة حلفا (الدائرة 143)، أيضاً عن حزب الشعب الديمقراطي.
واصلت حكومة ائتلاف حزب الأمة وحزب الشعب الديمقراطي (أو ما عُرف بحكومة السيدين – السيد عبد الرحمن المهدي راعي حزب الأمة، والسيد علي الميرغني راعي حزب الشعب الديمقراطي) البقاء في السلطة في الخرطوم.
لكنّ الحكومة انشغلت بخلافاتها الصغيرة والكبيرة، بما في ذلك تكوين الحكومة القادمة، وأي من الحزبين الثلاثة سوف يشكّلها. كما انشغلت قيادات تلك الأحزاب بتقسيم وتخصيص مقاعد الوزارة، والشخصيات التي ستشارك فيها. وكان واضحاً أن السيد عبد الله خليل سيفقد منصبه كرئيسٍ للوزراء. كانت هناك أيضاً مسألة المعونة الأمريكية التي كان حزب الأمة يرى قبولها، بينما كان يرفضها حزبا الوطني الاتحادي والشعب الديمقراطي.
انشغل رئيس الوزراء السيد عبد الله خليل بالاحتمالات الكبيرة لفقدانه لمنصبه بتحالفٍ متوقّعٍ بين حزبي الوطني الاتحادي والشعب الديمقراطي، أو حتى بين حزبي الأمة والوطني الاتحادي. لهذا السبب فقد بدأ السيد عبد الله خليل اتصالاته بالفريق إبراهيم عبود على أمل إقناعه باستلام السلطة من خلال انقلابٍ عسكريٍ على الشرعية الدستورية، وهذا ما حدث في 17 نوفمبر عام 1958. وقد أثبت ذلك وفصّله تقريرُ لجنة التحقيق في انقلاب 17 نوفمبر عام 1958، والتي ترأسها القاضي السيد صلاح شبيكه، وشملت عضويتها القاضيين السيدين عبد الله أبو عاقلة أبو سن ومحمد الشيخ عمر.
لكل تلك الأسباب لم تعد حلايب من أسبقيات الحكومة في الفترة من 21 فبراير عام 1958 وحتى وقوع الانقلاب العسكري في 17 نوفمبر عام .1958
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كان هناك تعاطفٌ كبيرٌ مع السودان بعد تصاعد الأحداث مع مصر، كما ذكرنا من قبل، خصوصاً من الدول الغربية. وكانت هذه الدول قد أزعجها تقارب عبد الناصر مع الكتلة الشرقية، وموافقة الاتحاد السوفيتي على تمويل وبناء السد العالي.
كانت هناك أيضاً قوة الدفع بعد شكوى السودان لمصر ونظر مجلس الأمن الشكوى. وكان هناك الحرج الكبير الذي أصاب مصر والذي عكس نفسه في التصريحات المصرية الهادئة (إن لم نقل المتراجعة) مثل "مصر تحمي ولا تعتدي" ومثل "مصر تصون ولا تتوعّد." فعبد الناصر كان يتوق لتوحيد وقيادة العالم العربي، وكان يعي جيداً أن الدخول في حربٍ مع السودان سوف يُنهي مصداقية ذلك البرنامج الطموح.
ولكنّ حكومة السيد عبد الله خليل لم تستغل ذلك التعاطف الدولي وقوة الدفع والمرونة المصرية لإنهاء النزاع مع مصر حول حلايب والقرى شمال وادي حلفا، وتركت نزاع حلايب مُعلّقاً للحكومات والأجيال القادمة.
كان كل ما طلبته الحكومة المصرية في 21 فبراير عام 1958هو أن تبدأ المفاوضات بتسوية كافة المسائل التي لم يُتخذْ بشأنها قرار بعد اختيار الحكومة السودانية الجديدة. لكن مصر احتلت حلايب عام 1992، وضمّتها لها عام 1995. وتبلور في هذا الأثناء، كما برز في العام الماضي، اتفاق كلِ ألوان الطيف السياسي في مصر من عسكريين ومدنيين، يساريين ويمنيين، إسلاميين وعلمانيين، أنه لا تفاوض ولا تفريط في شبرٍ من حلايب، دعك من جعل حلايب منطقة تكامل بين البلدين، أو اللجوء للتحكيم أو لمحكمة العدل الدولية.
لقد تعاطفت دول الغرب كثيراً مع السودان في عام 1958. ولنا أن نتساءل: أين تقف تلك الدول اليوم من السودان ومن أيٍ من قضاياه؟
8
كنا قد جادلنا في مقالنا السابق أن أحد الأسباب الرئيسية التي دفعت الرئيس جمال عبد الناصر للانسحاب من حلايب في فبراير عام 1958 هو مفاوضات مياه النيل وبناء السد العالي وترحيل أهالي منطقة وادي حلفا. فلم يكن منطقياً دبلوماسياً ولا عملياً أن تتمسّك مصر باحتلال حلايب وتطالب السودان بإغراق حلفا وقراها بعد ذلك من أجل قيام السدِّ العالي. وكان الرئيس عبد الناصر يعرف جيداً استحالة الجمع بين الأختين (حلايب وحلفا). عليه فقد قرّرت مصر النظر إلى الصورة الكبرى والانسحاب من حلايب على توقّعات مواصلة السودان لموافقته على قيام السدِّ العالي وإغراق مدينة حلفا و27 من القرى حولها و200,000 فدان من الأراضي الزراعية الخصبة. وهذا ما حدث عندما وقّعت حكومة الفريق إبراهيم عبود على اتفاقية مياه النيل في 8 نوفمبر عام 1959، ووافقت على إغراق منطقة وادي حلفا وقراها والترحيل القسري لحوالى خمسين ألف من النوبيين السودانيين.
بل إن مصر وافقت على ترحيل القُرى التي كانت تقع شمال خط 22 شمال (سره وفرس ودبيره) مع القرى السودانية الأخرى إلى منطقة خشم القربة، وليس مع النوبيين المصريين. وقد نسف ذلك الترحيل وموافقة مصر عليه إدعاء مصر بقدسيّة خط 22 شمال كفاصلٍ حدوديٍ بين البلدين.
9
لا بُدّ من التذكير هنا أن الموافقة على قيام السدِّ العالي تمّت في الجولة الثالثة للمفاوضات بين مصر والسودان حول مياه النيل في شهر أبريل عام 1955 على يد السيد خضر حمد وزير الري في حكومة السيد اسماعيل الأزهري.
كما يجب التذكير أيضاً أن السيد ميرغني حمزة وزير الري في حكومة السيد عبد الله خليل التي خلفت حكومة الأزهري في يوليو عام 1956، أكدّ ما وافق عليه السيد خضر حمد وحكومة الأزهري في ابريل عام 1955 فيما يختص بقيام السدِّ العالي. وواصل السيد ميرغني حمزة المفاوضات مع مصر على تفاصيل التعويض للسودان جراء قيام السدِّ العالي وإغراق حلفا وقراها.
لقد كان بإمكان حكومة السيد عبد الله خليل ربط قضية حلايب بالسدِّ العالي. وكان يمكن للسودان أن يقول ببساطة: نعم للسدِّ العالي لمصر مقابل إنهاء نزاع حلايب، لكن السودان لم يفعل. وقد ضاع بسبب ذلك هذا الكرت الكبير الذي كان بإمكان السودان استخدامه في مفاوضات حلايب.
10
لقد برزت، دون شكٍ، في شهر فبراير عام 1958 فرصةٌ تاريخيةٌ كبيرة لحل مشكلة حلايب. كان يمكن للسودان الاستفادة من ذلك التعاطف الدولي الكبير ، ومن المرونة المصرية التي وضحت ذلك الشهر، ومن قوة الدفع لقرار مجلس الأمن، واستغلال كرت بناء السدِّ العالي وإغراق الأراضي السودانية. لكنّ حكومة السيد عبد الله خليل لم تستغل تلك الفرصة، وتركت القضية لتتعقّد وتتشابك وتصل إلى ما وصلت إليه اليوم.
لقد كان موقف السودن التفاوضي عام 1958 أقوى بكثيرٍ من أي سنواتٍ لاحقة، خاصةً موقف اليوم المتمثّل في الصمت التام من الحكومة والمعارضة بكافة أحزابها السياسية، بما فيها الحزب الذي وقف ذلك الموقف عام 1958.
11
أثار بعض القراء السؤال عما يجب على السودان والخبراء السودانيين عمله الآن بدلاً من كتابة المقالات التي قالوا أنها أصبحت مكرّرةً ومُمِلّةً.
اقترحتُ في مقالٍ سابق ضرورة مواصلة حفظ السودان لشكواه لمجلس الأمن كل عام.
واقترحُ الآن إعادة الحياة لفريق العمل الخاص بحلايب والذي كان قد تمّ تشكيله في منتصف التسعينيات من القرن الماضي للعمل الجاد لتحضير ملفٍ سودانيٍ متكاملٍ للقضية. ومن الضروري تطعيم الفريق بخبراء شباب ليتسنّى للفريق مواصلة العمل والحفاظ على الذاكرة العلمية والوثائقية.
ومن الضروري أيضاً مواصلة إثارة القضية مع الأشقاء في مصر بهدف إقناعهم بالعودة لطاولة التفاوض.
أليس التفاوض الذي يطالب به السودان اليوم هو ما أعلنه السيد عمر لطفي في بيانه أمام مجلس الأمن في 21 فبراير عام 1958؟
Salmanmasalman@gmail.org
www.salmanmasalman.org
martedì 4 febbraio 2014
lunedì 3 febbraio 2014
She is brave and very accurate .
Warrap information minister resigns over alleged rebel links
February 2, 2014 (JUBA) - Warrap state’s information minister, Nyanaguek Kuol Mareng, has resigned allegedly over reports that she denied that fighting between the army in the capital Juba on December 15 was a coup attempt, contradicting the government’s version of events.
The government claims that forces loyal to former vice-president Riek Machar tried to seize power from the President Salva Kiir in mid-December. Machar and his supporters all deny attempting to stage a coup but many of them are now leading a rebellion against Kiir’s administration.
Ms Kuol is the first state minister to quit during the current crisis, which has led to 10,000 deaths, according to the International Crisis Group. The United Nations estimates that 740,000 people have been displaced.
Multiple officials and security sources told Sudan Tribune on Sunday that Kuol was forced to resign after she was accused of showing support for Riek Machar and the rebels.
However, Joseph Anei Madoor, director for public relations and political affairs in the office of Warrap’s Governor Nyandeng Malek Deliech, told Sudan Tribune, that Kuol’s resignation was due to personal problems.
"Yes, she has resigned but her decision was prompted by her personal or individual problems that are not connected with our performance as the government", Madoor said on Sunday.
Kuol’s resignation comes after the Director General of South Sudan’s internal security services, Akol Koor Kuc, flew to Kuacjok, the capital of Warrap state, on Saturday on a special flight from Juba.
The trip is believed to have been to present evidence to Governor Nyandeng Malek Deliech that Kuol is somehow connected to Machar’s rebels - SPLM/A In Opposition.
According to a well placed security source, Kuc held a meeting with the state governor, her deputy, her advisor on security and the information minister, during which he displayed a video clip producing evidence about the activities of the minister.
Four charges were brought against the minister of information, the security source told Sudan Tribune on Sunday.
The first charge was that she was found talking to individuals, including Deng Alor, who are considered loyal to the former vice president Riek Machar before and after they were accused and arrested on suspicions that they were playing to mobilise the public against the government prior to the December 15 clash within the presidential guard force in Juba.
Another charge is that she denied in an interview with state radio that what happened in Juba, on December 15 last year, was an attempted coup to depose president Salva Kiir Mayardit from power, but was a clash within the presidential guards.
The third charge was that she accused South Sudan’s army - the SPLA - of targeting Nuer civilians in Juba and said that that soldiers who committed the attacks should be held responsible.
The last charge was that she denounced pro-government protesters in January with placards carrying slogans against Riek Machar, arguing that the group had little evidence to prove that the former had planned to carry out a coup.
(ST)
• Warrap state
• Nyandeng Malek Deliech
February 2, 2014 (JUBA) - Warrap state’s information minister, Nyanaguek Kuol Mareng, has resigned allegedly over reports that she denied that fighting between the army in the capital Juba on December 15 was a coup attempt, contradicting the government’s version of events.
The government claims that forces loyal to former vice-president Riek Machar tried to seize power from the President Salva Kiir in mid-December. Machar and his supporters all deny attempting to stage a coup but many of them are now leading a rebellion against Kiir’s administration.
Ms Kuol is the first state minister to quit during the current crisis, which has led to 10,000 deaths, according to the International Crisis Group. The United Nations estimates that 740,000 people have been displaced.
Multiple officials and security sources told Sudan Tribune on Sunday that Kuol was forced to resign after she was accused of showing support for Riek Machar and the rebels.
However, Joseph Anei Madoor, director for public relations and political affairs in the office of Warrap’s Governor Nyandeng Malek Deliech, told Sudan Tribune, that Kuol’s resignation was due to personal problems.
"Yes, she has resigned but her decision was prompted by her personal or individual problems that are not connected with our performance as the government", Madoor said on Sunday.
Kuol’s resignation comes after the Director General of South Sudan’s internal security services, Akol Koor Kuc, flew to Kuacjok, the capital of Warrap state, on Saturday on a special flight from Juba.
The trip is believed to have been to present evidence to Governor Nyandeng Malek Deliech that Kuol is somehow connected to Machar’s rebels - SPLM/A In Opposition.
According to a well placed security source, Kuc held a meeting with the state governor, her deputy, her advisor on security and the information minister, during which he displayed a video clip producing evidence about the activities of the minister.
Four charges were brought against the minister of information, the security source told Sudan Tribune on Sunday.
The first charge was that she was found talking to individuals, including Deng Alor, who are considered loyal to the former vice president Riek Machar before and after they were accused and arrested on suspicions that they were playing to mobilise the public against the government prior to the December 15 clash within the presidential guard force in Juba.
Another charge is that she denied in an interview with state radio that what happened in Juba, on December 15 last year, was an attempted coup to depose president Salva Kiir Mayardit from power, but was a clash within the presidential guards.
The third charge was that she accused South Sudan’s army - the SPLA - of targeting Nuer civilians in Juba and said that that soldiers who committed the attacks should be held responsible.
The last charge was that she denounced pro-government protesters in January with placards carrying slogans against Riek Machar, arguing that the group had little evidence to prove that the former had planned to carry out a coup.
(ST)
• Warrap state
• Nyandeng Malek Deliech
sabato 25 gennaio 2014
Fall oKhartoum and the sun set of english egyption IMPERIALISM FOR THE MOMENT.
Fall of KHARTOUM AND THE RISE OF MAHADI
DERWISH GAVE INDEPENDANT TO SUDAN ON 26 JAN. 1885
History of Sudan
Battle of Khartoum
Madhists defeat Egyptians This city, defended by an Egyptian garrison under General Gordon, was invested by the Mahdi in the early part of 1884, and, after a gallant defense, was stormed January 26, 1885. The forerunners of the relieving force, consisting of the river gunboats under Lord Charles Beresford, arrived off the city on the 28th, two days too late, and after a brief engagement with the Mahdist batteries, returned down the river.
FORDHAM UNIVERSITY
Islamic History Sourcebook:
Alfred Egmont Hake:
The Death of General Gordon at Khartoum, 1885
________________________________________
[Tappan Introduction] In I882 there arose in the Soudan, a province of Upper Egypt, one Mohammed Ahmed, who called himself the Mahdi or Messiah, and invited all true believers to join in a holy war against the Christians. Thousands of wild tribesmen flocked to his banner, and in the following year he annihilated an army of eleven thousand English and Egyptians that had attempted to subdue the revolt. Rather than send more soldiers to die in the deserts of the Upper Nile, England decided to abandon the province. But first the thousands of Europeans who had taken refuge in Khartoum and other towns of the Soudan must be rescued from their perilous position. In this crisis the Government turned to the one man who could effect the withdrawal if it was still possible, and in January, 1884, appointed General Gordon to superintend the evacuation of the Soudan.
GENERAL GORDON arrived at Khartoum on February 18th, and spent his time between that date and the investment on March 12, in sending down women and children, two thousand of whom were sent safely through to Egypt, in addition to six hundred soldiers. It was stated by Sir Evelyn Baring (English consul-general to Egypt) that there were fifteen thousand persons in Khartoum who ought to be brought back to Egypt---Europeans, civil servants, widows and orphans, and a garrison of one thousand men, one third of whom were disaffected. To get these people out of Khartoum was General Gordon's first duty, and the first condition of evacuation was the establishment of a stable government in the Soudan. The only man who could establish that government was Zebehr. Gordon demanded Zebehr with ever-increasing emphasis, and his request was decisively refused. He had then two alternatives---either to surrender absolutely to the Mahdi, or to hold on to Khartoum at all hazards. While Gordon was strengthening his position the Mahdi settled the question by suddenly assuming the offensive. The first step in this memorable siege was the daring march of four thousand Arabs to the Nile, by which, on March 12, they cut off the eight hundred men at Halfaya, a village
to the north of Khartoum, from the city. A steamer was sent down to reconnoiter, and the moment she reached the front of the Arab position a volley was fired into her, wounding an officer and a soldier. The steamer returned the fire, killing five.
Thus hostilities began. "Our only justification for assuming the offensive," wrote General Gordon on March 13, "is the extrication of the Halfaya garrison." The Arabs, however, did not give him the chance. They cut off three companies of his troops who had gone out to cut wood, capturing eight of their boats, and killing or dispersing one hundred to one hundred and fifty men. They intrenched themselves along the Nile, and kept up a heavy rifle-fire. Retreat for the garrison was obviously impossible when the Arab force covered the river, the only line of retreat, with their fire. Twelve hundred men rere put on board two grain-barges, towed by three steamers defended with boiler plates, and carrying mountain-guns protected by wooden mantlets; and, with the loss of only two killed, they succeeded in extricating the five hundred men left of the garrison of Halfaya, and capturing seventy camels and eighteen horses, with which they returned to Khartoum.
The Arabs, however, held Halfaya, and on March 16 Gordon tried to drive them away. Advancing from a stockaded position covering the north front of the town, two thousand troops advanced across the open in square, supported by the fire of the guns of two steamers. The Arabs were retreating, when Hassan and Seid Pashas, Gordon's black generals, rode into the wood and called back the enemy. The Egyptians, betrayed by their officers, broke and fled after firing a single volley, and were pursued to within a mile of the stockade, abandoning two mountain guns with their ammunition---"sixty horsemen defeated two thousand men"---and leaving two hundred of their number on the field. After this affair he was convinced that he could not take the offensive, but must remain quiet at Khartoum, and wait till the Nile rose. Six days later, the black pashas were tried by court-martial, found guilty, and shot.
A very determined attack upon one of the steamers coming up from Berber, at the Salboka Pass, was beaten off with great slaughter, Gordon's men firing no fewer than fifteen thousand rounds of Remington ammunition. Meanwhile, his efforts to negotiate with the Mahdi failed. "I will make you Sultan of Kordofan," he had said on arrival to the Mahdi. "I am the Mahdi," replied Mahomet Ahmet, by emissaries who were "exceedingly cheeky," keeping their hands upon their swords, and laying a filthy, patched dervish's coat before him. "Will you become a Mussulman?" Gordon flung the bundle across the room, canceled the Mahdi's sultanship, and the war was renewed. From that day to the day of the betrayal no day passed without bullets dropping into Khartoum.
Gordon now set to work in earnest to place Khartoum in a defensible position. Ten thousand of the Madhi's sympathizers left Khartoum and joined the enemy. The steamers kept up a skirmishing fight on both Niles. All the houses on the north side of Khartoum were loopholed. A sixteen-pounder Krupp was mounted on a barge, and wire was stretched across the front of the stockade. The houses on the northern bank of the Blue Nile were fortified and garrisoned by Bashi-Bazouks. Omdurman was held and fortified on the west and Buri on the east. On March 25, Gordon had to disarm and disband two hundred and fifty Bashi-Bazouks who refused to occupy stockaded houses in a village on the south bank of the Blue Nile. The rebels advanced on Hadji Ali, a village to the north of the Nile, and fired into the palace. They were shelled out of their position, but constantly returned to harass the garrison. They seemed to Gordon mere rag-tag and bob-tail, but he dared not go out to meet them, for fear of the town. Five hundred brave men could have cleared out the lot, but he had not a hundred. The fighting was confined to artillery fire on one side, and desultory rifle-shooting on the other. This went on till the end of March. The Arabs clustered more closely round the town.
On April 19, Gordon telegraphed that he had provisions for five months, and if he only had two thousand to three thousand Turkish troops he could soon settle the rebels. Unfortunately, he received not one fighting man. Shendy fell into the hands of the Mahdi. Berber followed, and then for months no word whatever reached this country from Khartoum.
On September 29, Mr. Power's telegram, dated July 31, was received by the "Times." From that we gathered a tolerably clear notion of the way in which the war went on. Anything more utterly absurd than the accusation that Gordon forced fighting on the Mahdi cannot be conceived. He acted uniformly on the defensive, merely trying to clear his road of an attacking force, and failing because he had no fighting men to take the offensive. He found himself in a trap, out of which he could not cut his way. If he had possessed a single regiment, the front of Khartoum might have been cleared with ease; but his impotence encouraged the Arabs, and they clustered round in ever-increasing numbers, until at last they crushed his resistance. After the middle of April the rebels began to attack the palace in force, having apparently established themselves on the north bank.
The loss of life was chiefly occasioned by the explosion of mines devised by General Gordon, and so placed as to explode when trodden on by the enemy. Of all his expedients these mines were the most successful and the least open to any accusation of offensive operations. The Arabs closed in all round towards the end of April, and General Gordon surrounded himself with a formidable triple barrier of land torpedoes, over which wire entanglement and a formidable chevaux-de-frise enabled the garrison to feel somewhat secure. On April 27, Valeh Bey surrendered at Mesalimeh, a disaster by which General Gordon lost one steamer, seventy shiploads of provisions, and two thousand rifles.
General Gordon was now entirely cut off from the outside world, and compelled to rely entirely upon his his own resources. He sent out Negroes to entice the slaves of the Arabs to come over, promising them freedom and rations. This he thought would frighten the Arabs more than bullets. On April 26, he made his first issue of paper-money to the extent of ,2500 redeemable in six months. By July 30, it had risen to ,26,000 besides the ,50,000 borrowed from merchants. On the same day he struck decorations for the defense of Khartoum---for officers in silver, silver-gilt and pewter for the private soldiers. These medals bear a crescent and a star, with words from the Koran, and the date, with an inscription,---"Siege of Khartoum,"---and a hand-grenade in the center. "School-children and women," he wrote, "also received medals; consequently, I am very popular with the black ladies of Khartoum."
The repeated attacks of the Mahdi's forces on Khartoum cost the Arabs many lives. On May 25, Colonel Stewart was slightly wounded in the arm, when working a mitrailleuse near the palace. All through May and June his steamers made foraging expeditions up and down the Nile, shelling the rebels when they showed in force, and bringing back much cattle to the city. On Midsummer Day, Mr. Cuzzi, formerly Gordon's agent at Berber, but now a prisoner of the Mahdi's, was sent to the wells to announce the capture of Berber. It was sad news for the three Englishmen alone in the midst of a hostile Soudan. Undaunted, they continued to stand at bay, rejoicing greatly that in one, Saati Bey, they had, at least, a brave and capable officer.
Saati had charge of the steamers, and for two months he had uninterrupted success, in spite of the twisted telegraph wires which the rebels stretched across the river. Unfortunately, on July 10, Saati, with Colonel Stewart and two hundred men, after burning Kalaka and three villages, attacked Gatarnulb. Eight Arab horsemen rode at the two hundred Egyptians. The two hundred fled at once, not caring to fire their Remingtons, and poor Saati was killed. Colonel Stewart narrowly escaped a similar fate.
After July 31, there is a sudden cessation of regular communications. Power's journal breaks off then, and we are left to more or less meager references in Gordon's dispatches. On August 23, he sent a characteristic message, in which he announces that, the Nile having risen, he has sent Colonel Stewart, Mr. Power, and the French consul to take Berber, occupy it for fifteen days, burn it, and then return to Khartoum. All the late messages from Gordon, except a long dispatch of November 4, which has never been published, were written on tissue paper no bigger than a postage-stamp, and either concealed in a quill thrust into the hair, or sewn in the waistband of the natives employed. Gordon seems to have been the most active in August and September, when the Nile was high. He had eight thousand men at Khartoum and Senaar. He sent Colonel Stewart and the troops with the steamers to recapture Berber. A steamer which bore a rough effigy of Gordon at the prow was said to be particularly dreaded by the rebels. OnAugust 26, he reported that he had provisions for five months, but in the forays made by his steamer on the Southern Niles he enormously replenished his
stores. On one of these raids he took with him six thousand men in thirty-four boats towed by nine steamers.
After his defeat before Omdurman, the Mahdi is said to have made a very remarkable prophecy. He retired into a cave for three days, and on his return he told his followers that Allah had revealed that for sixty days there would be a rest, and after that blood would flow like water. The Mahdi was right. Almost exactly sixty days after that prophecy there was fought the battle of Abu Klea.
Stewart had by this time been treacherously killed on his way down from Berber to Dongola. Gordon was all alone. The old men and women who had friends in the neighboring villages left the town. The uninhabited part was destroyed, the remainder was inclosed by a wall. In the center of Khartoum he had built himself a tower, from the roof of which he kept a sharp lookout with his field-glass in the daytime. At night he went the rounds of the fortifications, cheering his men and keeping them on the alert against attacks. Treachery was always his greatest dread. Many of the townsfolk sympathized with the Mahdi; he could not depend on all his troops, and he could only rely on one of his pashas, Mehmet Ali. He rejoiced exceedingly in the news of the approach of the British relieving force. He illuminated Khartoum and fired salutes in honor of the news, and he doubled his exertions to fill his granaries with grain.
On December 14, a letter was received by one of his friends in Cairo from General Gordon, saying, "Farewell. You will never hear from me again. I fear that there will be treachery in the garrison, and all will be over by Christmas." It was this melancholy warning that led Lord Wolseley to order the dash across the Desert. On December 16 came news that the Mahdi had again failed in his attack on Omdurman. Gordon had blown up the fort which he had built over against the town, and inflicted great loss on his assailants, who, however, invested the city closely on all sides. The Mahdi had returned to Omdurman, where he had concentrated his troops. Thence he sent fourteen thousand men to Berber to recruit the forces of Osman Digma, and it was these men, probably, that fought the English relief army at Abu Klea.
After this nothing was heard beyond the rumor that Omdurman was captured and two brief messages from Gordon, sent probably to hoodwink the enemy, by whom most of his letters were captured. The first, which arrived January 1, was as follows: "Khartoum all right.---C. G. Gordon. December 14, I884." The second was brought by the steamers which met General Stewart at Mentemneh on January 21st: "Khartoum all right; could hold out for years.---C. G. Gordon. December 29." On January 26, Faraz Pasha opened the gates of the city to the enemy, and one of the most famous sieges
in the world's history came to a close. It had lasted from March 12 to January 26---exactly three hundred and twenty days.
When Gordon awoke to find that, through the treachery of his Egyptian lieutenant, Khartoum was in the hands of the Mahdi, he set out with a few followers for the Austrian consulate. Recognized by a party of rebels, he was shot dead on the street and his head carried through the town at the end of a pike, amid the wild rejoicings of the Mahdi's followers. Two days later the English army of relief reached Khartoum.
________________________________________
Source
From: Eva March Tappan, ed., The World's Story: A History of the World in Story, Song and Art, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1914), Vol. III: Egypt, Africa, and Arabia, pp. 240-249.
Scanned by Jerome S. Arkenberg, Cal. State Fullerton. The text has been modernized by Prof. Arkenberg
Note: Many Western sources about Islamic countries exhibit what has come to be known as orientalism. The terms used ("Mohammedan" for instance rather than "Muslim"), and the attitudes exhibited by the writers need to be questioned by modern readers.
________________________________________
This text is part of the Internet Islamic History Sourcebook. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts for introductory level classes in modern European and World history.
Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the document is copyright. Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal use. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. No permission is granted for commercial use of the Sourcebook.
© Paul Halsall, November1998
halsall@fordham.edu
DERWISH GAVE INDEPENDANT TO SUDAN ON 26 JAN. 1885
History of Sudan
Battle of Khartoum
Madhists defeat Egyptians This city, defended by an Egyptian garrison under General Gordon, was invested by the Mahdi in the early part of 1884, and, after a gallant defense, was stormed January 26, 1885. The forerunners of the relieving force, consisting of the river gunboats under Lord Charles Beresford, arrived off the city on the 28th, two days too late, and after a brief engagement with the Mahdist batteries, returned down the river.
FORDHAM UNIVERSITY
Islamic History Sourcebook:
Alfred Egmont Hake:
The Death of General Gordon at Khartoum, 1885
________________________________________
[Tappan Introduction] In I882 there arose in the Soudan, a province of Upper Egypt, one Mohammed Ahmed, who called himself the Mahdi or Messiah, and invited all true believers to join in a holy war against the Christians. Thousands of wild tribesmen flocked to his banner, and in the following year he annihilated an army of eleven thousand English and Egyptians that had attempted to subdue the revolt. Rather than send more soldiers to die in the deserts of the Upper Nile, England decided to abandon the province. But first the thousands of Europeans who had taken refuge in Khartoum and other towns of the Soudan must be rescued from their perilous position. In this crisis the Government turned to the one man who could effect the withdrawal if it was still possible, and in January, 1884, appointed General Gordon to superintend the evacuation of the Soudan.
GENERAL GORDON arrived at Khartoum on February 18th, and spent his time between that date and the investment on March 12, in sending down women and children, two thousand of whom were sent safely through to Egypt, in addition to six hundred soldiers. It was stated by Sir Evelyn Baring (English consul-general to Egypt) that there were fifteen thousand persons in Khartoum who ought to be brought back to Egypt---Europeans, civil servants, widows and orphans, and a garrison of one thousand men, one third of whom were disaffected. To get these people out of Khartoum was General Gordon's first duty, and the first condition of evacuation was the establishment of a stable government in the Soudan. The only man who could establish that government was Zebehr. Gordon demanded Zebehr with ever-increasing emphasis, and his request was decisively refused. He had then two alternatives---either to surrender absolutely to the Mahdi, or to hold on to Khartoum at all hazards. While Gordon was strengthening his position the Mahdi settled the question by suddenly assuming the offensive. The first step in this memorable siege was the daring march of four thousand Arabs to the Nile, by which, on March 12, they cut off the eight hundred men at Halfaya, a village
to the north of Khartoum, from the city. A steamer was sent down to reconnoiter, and the moment she reached the front of the Arab position a volley was fired into her, wounding an officer and a soldier. The steamer returned the fire, killing five.
Thus hostilities began. "Our only justification for assuming the offensive," wrote General Gordon on March 13, "is the extrication of the Halfaya garrison." The Arabs, however, did not give him the chance. They cut off three companies of his troops who had gone out to cut wood, capturing eight of their boats, and killing or dispersing one hundred to one hundred and fifty men. They intrenched themselves along the Nile, and kept up a heavy rifle-fire. Retreat for the garrison was obviously impossible when the Arab force covered the river, the only line of retreat, with their fire. Twelve hundred men rere put on board two grain-barges, towed by three steamers defended with boiler plates, and carrying mountain-guns protected by wooden mantlets; and, with the loss of only two killed, they succeeded in extricating the five hundred men left of the garrison of Halfaya, and capturing seventy camels and eighteen horses, with which they returned to Khartoum.
The Arabs, however, held Halfaya, and on March 16 Gordon tried to drive them away. Advancing from a stockaded position covering the north front of the town, two thousand troops advanced across the open in square, supported by the fire of the guns of two steamers. The Arabs were retreating, when Hassan and Seid Pashas, Gordon's black generals, rode into the wood and called back the enemy. The Egyptians, betrayed by their officers, broke and fled after firing a single volley, and were pursued to within a mile of the stockade, abandoning two mountain guns with their ammunition---"sixty horsemen defeated two thousand men"---and leaving two hundred of their number on the field. After this affair he was convinced that he could not take the offensive, but must remain quiet at Khartoum, and wait till the Nile rose. Six days later, the black pashas were tried by court-martial, found guilty, and shot.
A very determined attack upon one of the steamers coming up from Berber, at the Salboka Pass, was beaten off with great slaughter, Gordon's men firing no fewer than fifteen thousand rounds of Remington ammunition. Meanwhile, his efforts to negotiate with the Mahdi failed. "I will make you Sultan of Kordofan," he had said on arrival to the Mahdi. "I am the Mahdi," replied Mahomet Ahmet, by emissaries who were "exceedingly cheeky," keeping their hands upon their swords, and laying a filthy, patched dervish's coat before him. "Will you become a Mussulman?" Gordon flung the bundle across the room, canceled the Mahdi's sultanship, and the war was renewed. From that day to the day of the betrayal no day passed without bullets dropping into Khartoum.
Gordon now set to work in earnest to place Khartoum in a defensible position. Ten thousand of the Madhi's sympathizers left Khartoum and joined the enemy. The steamers kept up a skirmishing fight on both Niles. All the houses on the north side of Khartoum were loopholed. A sixteen-pounder Krupp was mounted on a barge, and wire was stretched across the front of the stockade. The houses on the northern bank of the Blue Nile were fortified and garrisoned by Bashi-Bazouks. Omdurman was held and fortified on the west and Buri on the east. On March 25, Gordon had to disarm and disband two hundred and fifty Bashi-Bazouks who refused to occupy stockaded houses in a village on the south bank of the Blue Nile. The rebels advanced on Hadji Ali, a village to the north of the Nile, and fired into the palace. They were shelled out of their position, but constantly returned to harass the garrison. They seemed to Gordon mere rag-tag and bob-tail, but he dared not go out to meet them, for fear of the town. Five hundred brave men could have cleared out the lot, but he had not a hundred. The fighting was confined to artillery fire on one side, and desultory rifle-shooting on the other. This went on till the end of March. The Arabs clustered more closely round the town.
On April 19, Gordon telegraphed that he had provisions for five months, and if he only had two thousand to three thousand Turkish troops he could soon settle the rebels. Unfortunately, he received not one fighting man. Shendy fell into the hands of the Mahdi. Berber followed, and then for months no word whatever reached this country from Khartoum.
On September 29, Mr. Power's telegram, dated July 31, was received by the "Times." From that we gathered a tolerably clear notion of the way in which the war went on. Anything more utterly absurd than the accusation that Gordon forced fighting on the Mahdi cannot be conceived. He acted uniformly on the defensive, merely trying to clear his road of an attacking force, and failing because he had no fighting men to take the offensive. He found himself in a trap, out of which he could not cut his way. If he had possessed a single regiment, the front of Khartoum might have been cleared with ease; but his impotence encouraged the Arabs, and they clustered round in ever-increasing numbers, until at last they crushed his resistance. After the middle of April the rebels began to attack the palace in force, having apparently established themselves on the north bank.
The loss of life was chiefly occasioned by the explosion of mines devised by General Gordon, and so placed as to explode when trodden on by the enemy. Of all his expedients these mines were the most successful and the least open to any accusation of offensive operations. The Arabs closed in all round towards the end of April, and General Gordon surrounded himself with a formidable triple barrier of land torpedoes, over which wire entanglement and a formidable chevaux-de-frise enabled the garrison to feel somewhat secure. On April 27, Valeh Bey surrendered at Mesalimeh, a disaster by which General Gordon lost one steamer, seventy shiploads of provisions, and two thousand rifles.
General Gordon was now entirely cut off from the outside world, and compelled to rely entirely upon his his own resources. He sent out Negroes to entice the slaves of the Arabs to come over, promising them freedom and rations. This he thought would frighten the Arabs more than bullets. On April 26, he made his first issue of paper-money to the extent of ,2500 redeemable in six months. By July 30, it had risen to ,26,000 besides the ,50,000 borrowed from merchants. On the same day he struck decorations for the defense of Khartoum---for officers in silver, silver-gilt and pewter for the private soldiers. These medals bear a crescent and a star, with words from the Koran, and the date, with an inscription,---"Siege of Khartoum,"---and a hand-grenade in the center. "School-children and women," he wrote, "also received medals; consequently, I am very popular with the black ladies of Khartoum."
The repeated attacks of the Mahdi's forces on Khartoum cost the Arabs many lives. On May 25, Colonel Stewart was slightly wounded in the arm, when working a mitrailleuse near the palace. All through May and June his steamers made foraging expeditions up and down the Nile, shelling the rebels when they showed in force, and bringing back much cattle to the city. On Midsummer Day, Mr. Cuzzi, formerly Gordon's agent at Berber, but now a prisoner of the Mahdi's, was sent to the wells to announce the capture of Berber. It was sad news for the three Englishmen alone in the midst of a hostile Soudan. Undaunted, they continued to stand at bay, rejoicing greatly that in one, Saati Bey, they had, at least, a brave and capable officer.
Saati had charge of the steamers, and for two months he had uninterrupted success, in spite of the twisted telegraph wires which the rebels stretched across the river. Unfortunately, on July 10, Saati, with Colonel Stewart and two hundred men, after burning Kalaka and three villages, attacked Gatarnulb. Eight Arab horsemen rode at the two hundred Egyptians. The two hundred fled at once, not caring to fire their Remingtons, and poor Saati was killed. Colonel Stewart narrowly escaped a similar fate.
After July 31, there is a sudden cessation of regular communications. Power's journal breaks off then, and we are left to more or less meager references in Gordon's dispatches. On August 23, he sent a characteristic message, in which he announces that, the Nile having risen, he has sent Colonel Stewart, Mr. Power, and the French consul to take Berber, occupy it for fifteen days, burn it, and then return to Khartoum. All the late messages from Gordon, except a long dispatch of November 4, which has never been published, were written on tissue paper no bigger than a postage-stamp, and either concealed in a quill thrust into the hair, or sewn in the waistband of the natives employed. Gordon seems to have been the most active in August and September, when the Nile was high. He had eight thousand men at Khartoum and Senaar. He sent Colonel Stewart and the troops with the steamers to recapture Berber. A steamer which bore a rough effigy of Gordon at the prow was said to be particularly dreaded by the rebels. OnAugust 26, he reported that he had provisions for five months, but in the forays made by his steamer on the Southern Niles he enormously replenished his
stores. On one of these raids he took with him six thousand men in thirty-four boats towed by nine steamers.
After his defeat before Omdurman, the Mahdi is said to have made a very remarkable prophecy. He retired into a cave for three days, and on his return he told his followers that Allah had revealed that for sixty days there would be a rest, and after that blood would flow like water. The Mahdi was right. Almost exactly sixty days after that prophecy there was fought the battle of Abu Klea.
Stewart had by this time been treacherously killed on his way down from Berber to Dongola. Gordon was all alone. The old men and women who had friends in the neighboring villages left the town. The uninhabited part was destroyed, the remainder was inclosed by a wall. In the center of Khartoum he had built himself a tower, from the roof of which he kept a sharp lookout with his field-glass in the daytime. At night he went the rounds of the fortifications, cheering his men and keeping them on the alert against attacks. Treachery was always his greatest dread. Many of the townsfolk sympathized with the Mahdi; he could not depend on all his troops, and he could only rely on one of his pashas, Mehmet Ali. He rejoiced exceedingly in the news of the approach of the British relieving force. He illuminated Khartoum and fired salutes in honor of the news, and he doubled his exertions to fill his granaries with grain.
On December 14, a letter was received by one of his friends in Cairo from General Gordon, saying, "Farewell. You will never hear from me again. I fear that there will be treachery in the garrison, and all will be over by Christmas." It was this melancholy warning that led Lord Wolseley to order the dash across the Desert. On December 16 came news that the Mahdi had again failed in his attack on Omdurman. Gordon had blown up the fort which he had built over against the town, and inflicted great loss on his assailants, who, however, invested the city closely on all sides. The Mahdi had returned to Omdurman, where he had concentrated his troops. Thence he sent fourteen thousand men to Berber to recruit the forces of Osman Digma, and it was these men, probably, that fought the English relief army at Abu Klea.
After this nothing was heard beyond the rumor that Omdurman was captured and two brief messages from Gordon, sent probably to hoodwink the enemy, by whom most of his letters were captured. The first, which arrived January 1, was as follows: "Khartoum all right.---C. G. Gordon. December 14, I884." The second was brought by the steamers which met General Stewart at Mentemneh on January 21st: "Khartoum all right; could hold out for years.---C. G. Gordon. December 29." On January 26, Faraz Pasha opened the gates of the city to the enemy, and one of the most famous sieges
in the world's history came to a close. It had lasted from March 12 to January 26---exactly three hundred and twenty days.
When Gordon awoke to find that, through the treachery of his Egyptian lieutenant, Khartoum was in the hands of the Mahdi, he set out with a few followers for the Austrian consulate. Recognized by a party of rebels, he was shot dead on the street and his head carried through the town at the end of a pike, amid the wild rejoicings of the Mahdi's followers. Two days later the English army of relief reached Khartoum.
________________________________________
Source
From: Eva March Tappan, ed., The World's Story: A History of the World in Story, Song and Art, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1914), Vol. III: Egypt, Africa, and Arabia, pp. 240-249.
Scanned by Jerome S. Arkenberg, Cal. State Fullerton. The text has been modernized by Prof. Arkenberg
Note: Many Western sources about Islamic countries exhibit what has come to be known as orientalism. The terms used ("Mohammedan" for instance rather than "Muslim"), and the attitudes exhibited by the writers need to be questioned by modern readers.
________________________________________
This text is part of the Internet Islamic History Sourcebook. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts for introductory level classes in modern European and World history.
Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the document is copyright. Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal use. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. No permission is granted for commercial use of the Sourcebook.
© Paul Halsall, November1998
halsall@fordham.edu
sabato 18 gennaio 2014
Malakal got fall to Machar.
Malakal
HOME
NEWS SATURDAY 18 JANUARY 2014
S. Sudanese army launches effort to recapture Malakal from rebel forces
January 17, 2014 (JUBA) - The South Sudanese army (SPLA) on Friday admitted losing control of Malakal, the Upper Nile state capital to rebels forces, but said an intensive counter attack to retake the town was underway.
The army spokesperson Phillip Aguer said they had lost contact with their commander in the strategic town now claimed by both sides, but insisted the SPLA would soon gain full control of the oil-rich capital.
"The SPLA commander in Malakal has not been reachable since yesterday [Friday]”, Aguer told Sudan Tribune on Saturday, while referring to Gen. Johnson Gony Bilieu, who is the sector II commander in Malakal.
"The SPLA forces are north of Malakal town. They are controlling the airport and key infrastructures and other important installations. The rebels are in the southern part but we moving towards where they are", he added.
Farhan Haq, a spokesperson for the UN Secretary General said Thursday that anti-government forces "appear to be in control of the town [Malakal], as nearly 20,000 civilians sought protection at its base.
Violence erupted in the country’s capital, Juba in mid-December last year and spread to other parts of the country along ethnic fault lines with over 1,000 killed and more than 400,000 displaced, according to UN figures.
Ivan Simonovic, the UN Assistant Undersecretary General for Human Rights described said on Friday described the South Sudan situation as "an internal armed conflict" that has caused untold suffering for thousands of civilians.
“Clearly the crisis, which started as a political one, has now taken on an inter-ethnic dimension that urgently needs to be addressed. People on both sides are absolutely convinced that the other side is to blame, which makes the situation even more dangerous", Simonovic told reporters in Juba.
“One month of conflict has set South Sudan back a decade", he added.
The top UN official said there was for an independent fact-finding commission to establish the truth of these terrible events, citing mass atrocities allegedly committed by both sides.
“Thousands of people have been killed and hundreds of thousands are now displaced, with some 70,000 people seeking protection in UN camps and 30,000 in the two UN compounds in Juba alone,” he added.
South Sudan’s defense minister, however, said the SPLA forces had been making significant movement into the rebels held positions as both side battle to control key towns so as to strengthen their position at negotiations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
"They have repulsed rebels attempting to return to Bentiu yesterday [Thursday] and they are now controlling most parts of Malakal town. They [rebels] are only in the southern parts", Kuol Manyang Juuk said Friday.
Meanwhile, South Sudan’s information minister said government would soon take control of all the rebel-held areas, if they continue to reject the signing of the cessation of hostilities agreement.
"If at all the rebels do not accept the cessation of hostilities and sign it on time, then definitely they are going to lose all the positions which they are holding at the moment", Michael Makuei said in a statement on SSTV.
The SPLA are advancing toward Bor and you will hear it soon that the government forces have taken it, he added.
(ST)
• ST - UN says S. Sudan rebels “appear to be in control” of Malakal town
• South Sudan conflict / crisis
HOME
NEWS SATURDAY 18 JANUARY 2014
S. Sudanese army launches effort to recapture Malakal from rebel forces
January 17, 2014 (JUBA) - The South Sudanese army (SPLA) on Friday admitted losing control of Malakal, the Upper Nile state capital to rebels forces, but said an intensive counter attack to retake the town was underway.
The army spokesperson Phillip Aguer said they had lost contact with their commander in the strategic town now claimed by both sides, but insisted the SPLA would soon gain full control of the oil-rich capital.
"The SPLA commander in Malakal has not been reachable since yesterday [Friday]”, Aguer told Sudan Tribune on Saturday, while referring to Gen. Johnson Gony Bilieu, who is the sector II commander in Malakal.
"The SPLA forces are north of Malakal town. They are controlling the airport and key infrastructures and other important installations. The rebels are in the southern part but we moving towards where they are", he added.
Farhan Haq, a spokesperson for the UN Secretary General said Thursday that anti-government forces "appear to be in control of the town [Malakal], as nearly 20,000 civilians sought protection at its base.
Violence erupted in the country’s capital, Juba in mid-December last year and spread to other parts of the country along ethnic fault lines with over 1,000 killed and more than 400,000 displaced, according to UN figures.
Ivan Simonovic, the UN Assistant Undersecretary General for Human Rights described said on Friday described the South Sudan situation as "an internal armed conflict" that has caused untold suffering for thousands of civilians.
“Clearly the crisis, which started as a political one, has now taken on an inter-ethnic dimension that urgently needs to be addressed. People on both sides are absolutely convinced that the other side is to blame, which makes the situation even more dangerous", Simonovic told reporters in Juba.
“One month of conflict has set South Sudan back a decade", he added.
The top UN official said there was for an independent fact-finding commission to establish the truth of these terrible events, citing mass atrocities allegedly committed by both sides.
“Thousands of people have been killed and hundreds of thousands are now displaced, with some 70,000 people seeking protection in UN camps and 30,000 in the two UN compounds in Juba alone,” he added.
South Sudan’s defense minister, however, said the SPLA forces had been making significant movement into the rebels held positions as both side battle to control key towns so as to strengthen their position at negotiations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
"They have repulsed rebels attempting to return to Bentiu yesterday [Thursday] and they are now controlling most parts of Malakal town. They [rebels] are only in the southern parts", Kuol Manyang Juuk said Friday.
Meanwhile, South Sudan’s information minister said government would soon take control of all the rebel-held areas, if they continue to reject the signing of the cessation of hostilities agreement.
"If at all the rebels do not accept the cessation of hostilities and sign it on time, then definitely they are going to lose all the positions which they are holding at the moment", Michael Makuei said in a statement on SSTV.
The SPLA are advancing toward Bor and you will hear it soon that the government forces have taken it, he added.
(ST)
• ST - UN says S. Sudan rebels “appear to be in control” of Malakal town
• South Sudan conflict / crisis
venerdì 17 gennaio 2014
MACHAR IS LEADING .... but at what coast people are dying.
Anti-governmental forces “appear to be in control” of Malakal: UN
January 16, 2013 (JUBA) – Forces opposed to South Sudan government “appear to be in control” of Malakal, the Upper Nile state capital, a United Nations official said on Thursday.
“The Mission reports that anti-government forces appear to be in control of the town [Malakal], Farhan Haq, a spokesperson for the Secretary General told a UN briefing, adding that about 20,000 civilians were being protected at its base in the capital.
Security in the area has, in recent days, been tense after clashes between rebels loyal to South Sudan former vice-president Riek Machar and government-allied forces.
However, both government and rebel forces are now claiming to have full control of the area, with one of the largest oil fields.
The general security situation in Malakal was reportedly very tense in recent days, with very few shops opened and civilian movements.
UN PROTESTS RESTRICTIONS
Already, the mission has expressed concerns over restrictions allegedly imposed on the movement of ammunition for its troops.
“It [UN] reminds all parties that, as stated by the Security Council, efforts to undermine the mission’s ability to implement its mandate, as it seeks to protect civilians, will not be tolerated”, said Haq.
He reiterated the mission’s mandate to remain impartial and protect all civilians.
Despite all these challenges, however, the mission said security had been boosted in its bases across the country where some 65,000 civilians are currently seeking shelter.
Also undertaken, according to the mission, was thorough search for weapons by its police force, while additional police units authorized by the Security Council last December will arrive by the end of next week.
“These units will be deployed at bases in Juba, Malakal and Bentiu”, it said in a statement.
FIGHTING IN BENTIU
Meanwhile there were also reports of heavy shooting and shelling in Unity state capital on Wednesday as about 5,300 civilians sought shelter in two UN sites.
More than 200,000 South Sudanese have reportedly been displaced during the conflict, with nearly 80,000 said to have fled fleeing to neigbouring Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia and Sudan.
(ST)
January 16, 2013 (JUBA) – Forces opposed to South Sudan government “appear to be in control” of Malakal, the Upper Nile state capital, a United Nations official said on Thursday.
“The Mission reports that anti-government forces appear to be in control of the town [Malakal], Farhan Haq, a spokesperson for the Secretary General told a UN briefing, adding that about 20,000 civilians were being protected at its base in the capital.
Security in the area has, in recent days, been tense after clashes between rebels loyal to South Sudan former vice-president Riek Machar and government-allied forces.
However, both government and rebel forces are now claiming to have full control of the area, with one of the largest oil fields.
The general security situation in Malakal was reportedly very tense in recent days, with very few shops opened and civilian movements.
UN PROTESTS RESTRICTIONS
Already, the mission has expressed concerns over restrictions allegedly imposed on the movement of ammunition for its troops.
“It [UN] reminds all parties that, as stated by the Security Council, efforts to undermine the mission’s ability to implement its mandate, as it seeks to protect civilians, will not be tolerated”, said Haq.
He reiterated the mission’s mandate to remain impartial and protect all civilians.
Despite all these challenges, however, the mission said security had been boosted in its bases across the country where some 65,000 civilians are currently seeking shelter.
Also undertaken, according to the mission, was thorough search for weapons by its police force, while additional police units authorized by the Security Council last December will arrive by the end of next week.
“These units will be deployed at bases in Juba, Malakal and Bentiu”, it said in a statement.
FIGHTING IN BENTIU
Meanwhile there were also reports of heavy shooting and shelling in Unity state capital on Wednesday as about 5,300 civilians sought shelter in two UN sites.
More than 200,000 South Sudanese have reportedly been displaced during the conflict, with nearly 80,000 said to have fled fleeing to neigbouring Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia and Sudan.
(ST)
lunedì 13 gennaio 2014
Intervention of UGANDA!!!!
Uganda’s Museveni appoints new head of S. Sudan operations
January 12, 2014 (KAMPALA/JUBA) – Uganda’s President Yoweri Museveni has reportedly appointed Col. Kayanja Muhanga as overall commander of its army (UPDF) operations in South Sudan.
According to the Daily Monitor newspaper, Col. Muhanga, until now the military police boss, will mainly be tasked with a more sensitive role that involves diplomacy, politics and military command.
The Ugandan army spokesperson, Lt. Col Paddy Ankunda confirmed the appointment in an interview with the Ugandan daily, describing the newly appointed officer as an “accomplished commander”.
He was, however, quoted saying Uganda was in the process of signing the Status of Force Agreement (SFA) with South Sudan government so as to officially define UPDF operations in the country.
“They [South Sudan] have written to us officially and SFA will be signed soon with the government of South Sudan and if the Window is open, we might be involved in peace enforcement,” further told Daily Monitor.
Officials from South Sudan army (SPLA) have remained tight-lipped on Uganda’s military involvement in the nearly one-month conflict.
In recent weeks, however, the involvement of the UPDF in the South Sudanese conflict has drawn mixed reactions, yet the army claims it only entered Juba to protect its citizens trapped in the violence.
But Museveni, a close ally of South Sudan President Salva Kiir, recently admitted that he sent his troops to “help restore hope” in South Sudan, confirming his military’s involvement in the conflict.
Rebels loyal to South Sudan former vice-president Riek Machar have demanded complete withdrawal of Ugandan forces from South Sudan, saying the latter was interfering into its internal affairs.
On Friday, members of the United Nations Security Council warned against external involvement in South Sudan’s conflict and expressed fears of possible escalation.
Dissident forces lost control of Bentiu, the Unity state capital on Friday after it was retaken by the South Sudanese army, forcing residents to flee in to neigbouring areas. The rebels also fled the area, which they controlled for about two weeks.
Intense fighting, which initially started in the capital, Juba spread to other parts of the country, killing more than 1,000 people and displacing over 200,000 in its worst ever post-session conflict.
(ST)
Uganda have no wright to interven in South Sudan.
January 12, 2014 (KAMPALA/JUBA) – Uganda’s President Yoweri Museveni has reportedly appointed Col. Kayanja Muhanga as overall commander of its army (UPDF) operations in South Sudan.
According to the Daily Monitor newspaper, Col. Muhanga, until now the military police boss, will mainly be tasked with a more sensitive role that involves diplomacy, politics and military command.
The Ugandan army spokesperson, Lt. Col Paddy Ankunda confirmed the appointment in an interview with the Ugandan daily, describing the newly appointed officer as an “accomplished commander”.
He was, however, quoted saying Uganda was in the process of signing the Status of Force Agreement (SFA) with South Sudan government so as to officially define UPDF operations in the country.
“They [South Sudan] have written to us officially and SFA will be signed soon with the government of South Sudan and if the Window is open, we might be involved in peace enforcement,” further told Daily Monitor.
Officials from South Sudan army (SPLA) have remained tight-lipped on Uganda’s military involvement in the nearly one-month conflict.
In recent weeks, however, the involvement of the UPDF in the South Sudanese conflict has drawn mixed reactions, yet the army claims it only entered Juba to protect its citizens trapped in the violence.
But Museveni, a close ally of South Sudan President Salva Kiir, recently admitted that he sent his troops to “help restore hope” in South Sudan, confirming his military’s involvement in the conflict.
Rebels loyal to South Sudan former vice-president Riek Machar have demanded complete withdrawal of Ugandan forces from South Sudan, saying the latter was interfering into its internal affairs.
On Friday, members of the United Nations Security Council warned against external involvement in South Sudan’s conflict and expressed fears of possible escalation.
Dissident forces lost control of Bentiu, the Unity state capital on Friday after it was retaken by the South Sudanese army, forcing residents to flee in to neigbouring areas. The rebels also fled the area, which they controlled for about two weeks.
Intense fighting, which initially started in the capital, Juba spread to other parts of the country, killing more than 1,000 people and displacing over 200,000 in its worst ever post-session conflict.
(ST)
Uganda have no wright to interven in South Sudan.
sabato 11 gennaio 2014
They are fed up of war.
كتيبة تابعة لمشار تسلم كامل عتادها للجيش السوداني بهجليج
يقودها ضابط برتبة عميد ...!!
01-11-2014 09:24 AM
كشف والي غرب كردفان اللواء احمد خميس أن كتيبة مقاتلة تابعة لنائب رئيس حكومة الجنوب المنشق د. رياك مشار يقودها ضابط برتبة عميد بكامل عتادتها ورتل سياراتها بجانب محافظ مقاطعة ميوم ونحو (60) إلى (90) فني بترول و (14) جريح و (30) من المدنيين ، سلمت نفسها للسلطات السودانية عند منطقة الشهيد الفاضل لدى مركز استقبال منطقة الخرسانة الحدودية قرب مدينة هجليج المنتجة للنفط ، دون أي إعمال عدائية .
وقال خميس لبرنامج مؤتمر إذاعي امس " الجمعة " أن الجيش والسلطات الأمنية جردت الكتيبة من كامل أسلحتها وان السلطات لم تقرر بشأنهم بعد ، وبدأت تتعامل معهم كمواطنين من أبناء قبيلة النوير يطلبون الحماية .. بحسب توجيهات قيادة الدولة .
وأضاف أن سلطات ولايته ما تزال ترصد تدفقات الجنوبيين الفارين من ولاية الوحدة عبر مناطق هجليج . ورفض الوالي بشدة إمكانية قيام معسكرات لجوء دائمة للجنوبيين داخل ولايته ، قائلاً : " ما دايرين معسكرات دائمة للاجئين وعندنا ما يكفي من المشكلات الأمنية " . وقال أن حكومته بدأت في إعداد مراكز لاستقبال الجنوبيين على الحدود مع الجنوب ، وأعرب عن خشيته حال استمرار القتال الذي يؤدي إلى تدفق المزيد من الجنوبيين .
صحيفة الأهرام اليوم
خالد الفكي
يقودها ضابط برتبة عميد ...!!
01-11-2014 09:24 AM
كشف والي غرب كردفان اللواء احمد خميس أن كتيبة مقاتلة تابعة لنائب رئيس حكومة الجنوب المنشق د. رياك مشار يقودها ضابط برتبة عميد بكامل عتادتها ورتل سياراتها بجانب محافظ مقاطعة ميوم ونحو (60) إلى (90) فني بترول و (14) جريح و (30) من المدنيين ، سلمت نفسها للسلطات السودانية عند منطقة الشهيد الفاضل لدى مركز استقبال منطقة الخرسانة الحدودية قرب مدينة هجليج المنتجة للنفط ، دون أي إعمال عدائية .
وقال خميس لبرنامج مؤتمر إذاعي امس " الجمعة " أن الجيش والسلطات الأمنية جردت الكتيبة من كامل أسلحتها وان السلطات لم تقرر بشأنهم بعد ، وبدأت تتعامل معهم كمواطنين من أبناء قبيلة النوير يطلبون الحماية .. بحسب توجيهات قيادة الدولة .
وأضاف أن سلطات ولايته ما تزال ترصد تدفقات الجنوبيين الفارين من ولاية الوحدة عبر مناطق هجليج . ورفض الوالي بشدة إمكانية قيام معسكرات لجوء دائمة للجنوبيين داخل ولايته ، قائلاً : " ما دايرين معسكرات دائمة للاجئين وعندنا ما يكفي من المشكلات الأمنية " . وقال أن حكومته بدأت في إعداد مراكز لاستقبال الجنوبيين على الحدود مع الجنوب ، وأعرب عن خشيته حال استمرار القتال الذي يؤدي إلى تدفق المزيد من الجنوبيين .
صحيفة الأهرام اليوم
خالد الفكي
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